中新网评:美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******
中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后,美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕,众议院共和党领袖凯文•麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录,将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。
资料图:美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀 摄由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素,众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中,美国民主党议员继续抱团,多轮投票中,一票不投麦卡锡,共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。
麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折,除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外,与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。
一方面,共和党党内反对者认为,麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱,无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府,另一方面,因为共和党的多数优势微弱,党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大,有利于他们巩固自己的选票。
此外,党内反对者也认为,自己的选票没有换取更多利益,希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步,比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。
作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物,众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任,选举几乎没有悬念。然而,麦卡锡此次为当选,不得不做出多个关键让步,其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制,使得众议长的权力被削弱,难以掌控众议院。
美国有线电视新闻网CNN称,麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步,这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。
这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下,党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上,美国两党相互拆台,陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内,也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系,相互对抗,选票变成了谋利益的工具。
从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举,“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈,长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力,其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。
两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病,美国所谓的“民主”形象,让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举,变成了政客们利益置换的游戏,进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能,不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。
House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy
(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".
The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.
Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.
On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.
On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.
Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.
As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.
But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.
CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.
This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.
Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.
From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.
Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.
The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.
上海近百位政协委员联合提案 加强心理健康服务行业管理****** 中新网上海1月12日电(记者 范宇斌)“人们生活节奏明显加快,竞争压力不断加剧,民众心理健康服务需求与日俱增。”正在此间举行的2023年上海市两会上,近百位上海市政协委员联合提案,建言加强心理健康服务行业管理。 数据显示,精神心理疾病在中国疾病总负担中居首位,占疾病总负担的20%。 上海市政协常委、上海市工商业联合会(总商会)副会长、上海明佳企业发展(集团)有限公司总裁赵丽佳12日接受中新网记者采访时介绍说:“在上海,每5个人中就有1人一生中会遭受精神心理疾病的困扰。” 以上海市为例,当前,上海市卫生健康委员会会同有关行政部门、行业组织、医疗卫生机构等积极推进落实《“健康中国2030”规划纲要》《关于加强心理健康服务的指导意见》等政策文件提出的关于加强心理健康服务的要求,加强法治建设和政策支撑,积极探索行业自律管理,取得了一定成效。 “但是在心理健康服务行业管理上仍存在诸多问题。”赵丽佳坦言,问题主要体现在“心理健康服务从业人员的资质认定、教育培训乱象丛生;心理健康服务从业人员能力水平良莠不齐;心理健康服务从业人员数量供不应求”。 这份提案提到,“当前,有关培训机构、高等院校、心理健康相关协会学会等相继发布心理健康培训项目,但是项目内容五花八门、质量参差不齐,对心理健康服务事业发展带来隐患。” “加强心理健康服务行业管理,提升心理健康服务从业人员能力水平迫在眉睫。”赵丽佳告诉记者,目前,中国心理咨询服务行业从业人员许多为非心理学和精神医学专业,专业能力不足,法律伦理意识淡薄,服务质量难以保障,导致侵害消费者合法权益的情况时有发生。此外,中国目前尚无心理咨询从业人员继续教育培训制度。 记者了解到,心理健康服务从业人员主要是心理咨询师、心理治疗师。据悉,截至2017年,中国约有120万名持证的心理咨询师,仅有3万-4万人从事心理咨询行业的专兼职工作,全国心理治疗师数量则仅有数千人。 与此同时,多位专家学者表示,新冠疫情在心理健康方面的影响持续时间至少是十年、二十年以上,很多人都可能会面临焦虑、抑郁、失眠和社会交往等问题。“加快提高心理健康服务供给数量已成为满足人民美好生活需要的内在要求。”赵丽佳如是说。 对此,近百位上海市政协委员联合提案,建议构建社会共治格局,充分发挥社会监督作用;加强行业协会自身建设,提高行业管理与服务能力;加强行业信用体系建设,促进规范治理和行为自律,进而加强心理健康服务行业管理。 这份联合提案中指出,在构建社会共治格局方面,可以积极探索建立由卫生行政部门牵头,工商、民政等部门共同组成的联合执法机制,对心理咨询与治疗服务机构的经营管理、服务规范、服务收费等进行监督检查,对违法违规行为,依法予以处理;大力依靠消费者协会、行业协会等社会组织有针对性地加强监督检查。 行业自律管理同样关键。这份联合提案建议,政府要加大对心理卫生服务行业协会的支持力度,提升行业管理与服务能力。要壮大行业协会专兼职人员队伍,构建功能完善的组织结构,积极吸纳新的会员单位,鼓励行业协会制定行业标准规范、开展专业人员能力培训、参与制订地方性法规和行业发展规划、构建完善继续教育培训体系等。 此外,可以积极探索“赋权”行业组织,通过政府购买服务等方式,委托行业组织开展信用评价,推进监管执法和行业自律的良性互动。鼓励行业组织在消费者权益保护、纠纷处理、失信惩戒等方面发挥作用,支持行业协会建立健全企业信用档案。发挥信息化的作用,建立心理健康服务机构和人员数据库等。(完) 中国网客户端 国家重点新闻网站,9语种权威发布 |